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Magnesium chloride profile exploring topical use and role in mineral-based wellness routines Herbal Library / Magnesium Chloride This botanical profile is part of the Star Naturals Herbal Library. Magnesium Chloride Magnesium chloridum Historical / Folk Use Magnesium chloride is a naturally occurring mineral salt found in seawater and mineral deposits. Mineral-rich salts have long been used in bathing and topical preparations across many cultures. When dissolved in water, magnesium chloride forms a concentrated mineral solution that has been incorporated into sprays, soaks, and other topical body care preparations. Energetics Traditionally described as: • Cooling, mineral-rich, stabilizing • Relaxing to tension • Restorative in tone • Grounding and calming • Softening to tissues • Balancing and supportive How Star Naturals uses this botanical Magnesium chloride flakes are dissolved to create the mineral-rich base of our topical magnesium spray. Applied to the skin, the solution provides a refreshing mineral application that complements evening routines or moments of rest after movement. Found in these Star Naturals formulations: Magnesium Oil Spray Research & Resources The research summaries below highlight findings from scientific studies on compounds found in this botanical. They are provided for educational purposes and do not represent claims about the effects of Star Naturals products. Study 1: A small pilot study evaluated topical magnesium chloride spray in individuals with low magnesium levels. The research observed improvements in magnesium levels and reports of reduced muscle cramping in this small clinical population. ScienceDirect Study 2: A review of randomized clinical trials evaluated magnesium use across several pain-related contexts. The research observed associations with reduced pain intensity in some studies, though results were mixed. MDPI < Previous herb Back to Herbal Library Next herb >

Lemongrass botanical profile highlighting bright citrus aroma and traditional herbal use Herbal Library / Lemongrass This botanical profile is part of the Star Naturals Herbal Library. Lemongrass Cymbopogon citratus Historical / Folk Use Lemongrass has been used in Southeast Asian traditions as a bright, aromatic herb in both culinary and herbal preparations. Traditionally brewed as tea or infused oil, it was valued for supporting digestive comfort and promoting mental clarity. Its fresh citrus aroma also made it a favored addition to outdoor herbal blends. Energetics Traditionally described as: • Warming and drying • Bright and stimulating • Protective and uplifting presence • Clarifying in tone • Circulatory-moving • Light and activating • Fresh and vibrant How Star Naturals uses this botanical Lemongrass appears in our outdoor-focused formulations where freshness and plant-based environmental support are desired. Its bright, citrus aroma enhances blends crafted for time spent outdoors, complementing botanicals traditionally associated with creating a more comfortable outdoor experience. Found in these Star Naturals formulations: Bug Away Herbal Spray Research & Resources The research summaries below highlight findings from scientific studies on compounds found in this botanical. They are provided for educational purposes and do not represent claims about the effects of Star Naturals products. Study 1: A combined laboratory and field study evaluated a plant oil blend containing lemongrass for mosquito repellency. Observations suggested the blend exhibited spatial repellency, disrupting mosquito approach toward attractant sources. PubMed Study 2: A laboratory evaluation observed that lemongrass essential oil exposure was associated with decreased detection of attractant cues by ticks during behavioral tests. PubMed Central Study 3: A scientific review summarized data on plant‑derived repellents including lemongrass oil, reporting that lemongrass and related oils showed repellency effects against mosquito species in controlled studies. Springer Nature < Previous herb Back to Herbal Library Next herb >

Lemon eucalyptus essential oil profile featuring fresh aroma and traditional outdoor use Herbal Library / Lemon Eucalyptus This botanical profile is part of the Star Naturals Herbal Library. Lemon Eucalyptus Corymbia citriodora Historical / Folk Use Lemon eucalyptus has been traditionally used for its fresh, citrus-forward aroma. The leaves were valued in aromatic preparations for environmental freshness and outdoor comfort. Its crisp scent made it a popular botanical in seasonal and outdoor blends. Energetics Traditionally described as: • Cooling and fresh • Aromatic and bright • Clarifying to senses • Lightly drying • Expansive and clean • Protective in tone • Invigorating and sharp How Star Naturals uses this botanical Lemon eucalyptus appears in outdoor-focused formulations where environmental freshness and comfort are desired. It enhances blends intended to support enjoyable time outdoors. Found in these Star Naturals formulations: Bug Away Herbal Spray Research & Resources The research summaries below highlight findings from scientific studies on compounds found in this botanical. They are provided for educational purposes and do not represent claims about the effects of Star Naturals products. Study 1: A scientific review assessed plant‑derived repellents, including PMD from lemon eucalyptus. The review observed that PMD provided longer‑lasting mosquito repellency compared with many volatile plant oils in controlled studies. PubMed Central Study 2: A review article described PMD derived from lemon eucalyptus as a botanical mosquito repellent. Observations summarized its performance against multiple mosquito species in controlled testing. PubMed Study 3: A field trial evaluated lemon eucalyptus extract (Citriodiol) applied to human skin in tick‑infested areas. The study observed associations with fewer ticks attaching to treated skin compared with untreated controls. PubMed Study 4: A laboratory bioassay evaluated multiple essential oils for repellency against mosquitoes and ticks; lemon eucalyptus extract was included among the oils tested. Associations were observed with differences in repellent activity under controlled conditions. PubMed < Previous herb Back to Herbal Library Next herb >

Licorice root botanical overview featuring traditional use and naturally sweet properties Herbal Library / Licorice Root This botanical profile is part of the Star Naturals Herbal Library. Licorice Root Glycyrrhiza glabra Historical / Folk Use Licorice root has been valued for centuries in herbal traditions across Asia, the Middle East, and Europe for its naturally sweet flavor. Traditionally, the roots were sliced, dried, and infused into teas, tonics, and syrups, contributing sweetness and balance to formulas that included stronger herbs and spices. Energetics Traditionally described as: • Sweet and harmonizing • Hydrating and soothing • Warming and balancing • Binding and unifying • Softly fortifying • Adaptable and mild How Star Naturals uses this botanical Licorice root appears in our Love Potion Loose Leaf Tea where natural sweetness and harmonizing character are desired. Its rich, slightly earthy sweetness complements the other botanicals in the blend, helping create a smooth and delicious cup of tea. Found in these Star Naturals formulations: Love Potion Loose Leaf Tea Research & Resources The research summaries below highlight findings from scientific studies on compounds found in this botanical. They are provided for educational purposes and do not represent claims about the effects of Star Naturals products. Study 1: A scientific review assessed controlled human studies involving licorice extracts and summarized observed anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant activity across multiple clinical contexts. Long‑term systemic effects and safety vary by dosage and individual sensitivity. PubMed Study 2: Clinical evaluations reported on deglycyrrhizinated licorice formulations in adults with gastric ulcers. Observed associations included changes in ulcer size over controlled treatment periods compared with standard therapies. PubMed Central Study 3: A scientific review discussed anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant activity of licorice‑derived compounds relevant to intestinal conditions. Observations included biochemical pathway modulation linked to inflammatory and oxidative responses. PubMed Central Study 4: A clinical trial evaluated a licorice root constituent (glycyrrhizin) added to antidepressant therapy in adults. The study observed associations between this adjunct exposure and changes in some mood‑related biological markers over the trial period. Frontiers < Previous herb Back to Herbal Library Next herb >

Lemon balm herbal profile exploring calming properties and traditional use in herbal wellness Herbal Library / Lemon Balm This botanical profile is part of the Star Naturals Herbal Library. Lemon Balm Melissa officinalis Historical / Folk Use Lemon balm has been used for centuries in European herbal traditions as a gently uplifting and calming botanical. It was traditionally prepared as tea, washes, and infused oils or balms, offering a bright citrus, minty aroma. Lemon balm was valued for supporting emotional balance, soothing tension, and promoting skin comfort. Energetics Traditionally described as: • Gentle and soothing • Cooling and calming • Softly hydrating • Relaxing to tension • Lightly uplifting • Harmonizing to mood • Aromatic and bright • Balancing and steady How Star Naturals uses this botanical Lemon balm appears in our gentle, skin-focused herbal preparations where ease and comfort are desired. We include it to contribute a calming presence and to support balanced-looking, resilient skin. Found in these Star Naturals formulations: Skin Relief Organic Herbal Salve Research & Resources The research summaries below highlight findings from scientific studies on compounds found in this botanical. They are provided for educational purposes and do not represent claims about the effects of Star Naturals products. Study 1: This review summarizes research on lemon balm’s phytochemistry and traditional uses, noting antioxidant compounds (e.g., phenolic acids) and documented antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and neuroactive components. PubMed Study 2: Scientific reviews indicate that lemon balm extracts contain anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant compounds that are linked with modulation of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress pathways, which form parts of skin responses to irritation and injury. MDPI < Previous herb Back to Herbal Library Next herb >

Lemon botanical profile highlighting bright aroma and traditional use in herbal preparations Herbal Library / Lemon This botanical profile is part of the Star Naturals Herbal Library. Lemon Citrus limon Historical / Folk Use Lemon has long been used in culinary and household traditions throughout Southeast Asia, India, the Mediterranean, and the Middle East. The fruit and peel were commonly added to foods, beverages, and herbal preparations where their bright citrus flavor and refreshing aroma were appreciated. Lemon also appeared in traditional tonics, teas, and infusions, contributing lively acidity and vibrant character to many uplifting and seasonal blends. Energetics Traditionally described as: • Cooling and bright • Sour and stimulating • Clarifying to mood • Light and refreshing • Circulatory-moving • Activating and clean • Uplifting and vibrant How Star Naturals uses this botanical Lemon appears in our internal and aromatic blends where brightness and freshness are desired. Its lively flavor and aroma complement other botanicals in the blends, adding a clean, uplifting note that brings balance and vitality to the formulation. Found in these Star Naturals formulations: Fire Cider Vitality Tonic Elderberry Syrup – Seasonal Wellness Support Immune Harmony Aromatherapy Roll-On Research & Resources The research summaries below highlight findings from scientific studies on compounds found in this botanical. They are provided for educational purposes and do not represent claims about the effects of Star Naturals products. Study 1: In a large observational study, people who reported eating citrus fruits more often had lower rates of some cardiovascular events, such as stroke and overall cardiovascular disease. PubMed Study 2: A randomized clinical study observed that daily intake of lemon peel extract was associated with improvements in blood vessel endothelial function in overweight adolescents. PubMed Central Study 3: Combined results of clinical trials suggested that daily intake of citrus fruits or their extracts was associated with modest decreases in body weight and related measurements in adults. PubMed Study 4: Lemon and other citrus fruits contain antioxidant bioactives that have been associated with biochemical antioxidant activity in humans and experimental research. PubMed Central Study 5: A non‑standardized clinical study supplemented individuals with whole lemons (2 pieces/day) for four months to evaluate vitamin C–related symptom changes. The lemon‑supplemented group showed decreases in reported symptoms associated with vitamin C deficiency compared with a no‑lemon group SciencePG Study 6: In a controlled laboratory model using immune cells, citral‑rich fractions of lemon essential oil were associated with reductions in inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress. PubMed < Previous herb Back to Herbal Library Next herb >

Lavender essential oil profile exploring calming aroma and traditional use in aromatherapy and skincare Herbal Library / Lavender This botanical profile is part of the Star Naturals Herbal Library. Lavender Lavandula angustifolia Historical / Folk Use Lavender has been cherished across European, Mediterranean, and Middle Eastern herbal traditions for its calming aroma and versatile nature. Traditionally used in oils, sachets, and aromatic waters, it was valued for promoting relaxation, soothing delicate skin, and bringing harmony to both body and mind. Its gentle profile made it a foundational herb in household apothecaries. Energetics Traditionally described as: • Cooling and calming • Aromatic and clarifying • Balancing and harmonizing • Relaxing to tension • Softly uplifting • Gentle and adaptable • Restorative in tone How Star Naturals uses this botanical Lavender appears across many of our formulations for its versatility and relaxing presence. It contributes calming aromatic support and encourages a balanced, comfortable skin feel in both topical and mood-support blends. Found in these Star Naturals formulations: Magnesium Oil Spray Calm Down Love Aromatherapy Roll-On Hippie Vibes Perfume Bug Away Herbal Spray Head Ease Herbal Aromatherapy Roll-On Secret Cabin Natural Fragrance Airway Ease Aromatherapy Roll-On Herbal Face Wash Relax and Restore Bath Soak Research & Resources The research summaries below highlight findings from scientific studies on compounds found in this botanical. They are provided for educational purposes and do not represent claims about the effects of Star Naturals products. Study 1: Inhalation of lavender essential oil in a clinical setting after surgery was also associated with lower pain scores shortly after the aromatherapy intervention compared with control conditions. PubMed Study 2: Literature reviews indicate that lavender exposure is associated with reductions in anxiety and changes in mood‑related measures, though larger controlled trials are still limited. PubMed Study 3: In a placebo‑controlled migraine study, inhalation of lavender essential oil was associated with a greater reduction in migraine headache severity compared with control conditions in adults. PubMed Study 4: Scientific reviews of topical essential oils include lavender oil as one of several plant-derived oils with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties that are biologically relevant to acne-associated bacteria and inflammatory processes. MDPI Study 5: Reviews that examined essential oils in cosmetic applications indicate that lavender oil is associated with antioxidant properties that are biologically relevant to processes linked with skin aging; direct clinical evidence of wrinkle reduction from lavender oil alone is not established. Frontiers Study 6: Laboratory research indicates that lavender essential oil ( Lavandula angustifolia ) was associated with repellent activity against ticks in controlled bioassays. Systematic reviews of plant-based repellents further note that essential oils may exhibit repellency against mosquito vectors, with outcomes influenced by oil composition, concentration, and application method. PubMed PubMed Central < Previous herb Back to Herbal Library Next herb >

Jasmine botanical profile highlighting aromatic properties and traditional use in herbal practices Herbal Library / Jasmine This botanical profile is part of the Star Naturals Herbal Library. Jasmine Jasminum officinale Historical / Folk Use Jasmine has been cherished for centuries across India, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean for its richly floral aroma. Traditionally infused into oils, attars, and perfumes, its blossoms were valued for uplifting mood and enhancing personal adornment. Jasmine preparations were commonly used in hair oils, skin applications, and aromatic blends, and were appreciated for their association with emotional warmth and femininity. Energetics Traditionally described as: • Warming and uplifting • Floral and expansive • Softly stimulating • Harmonizing to mood • Sensual and gentle • Balancing and bright • Light and elevating How Star Naturals uses this botanical Jasmine appears in our aromatic perfume blend where uplift and emotional warmth are desired. Its lush, floral aroma enhances a radiant, confident presence while adding depth and elegance to the overall blend. Found in these Star Naturals formulations: Earthly Divine Perfume Research & Resources The research summaries below highlight findings from scientific studies on compounds found in this botanical. They are provided for educational purposes and do not represent claims about the effects of Star Naturals products. Study 1: A randomized clinical study evaluated inhaled jasmine aroma before surgery. Associations were observed with changes in anxiety scores and cortisol levels during the preoperative period. Brieflands Study 2: A systematic review of randomized trials evaluated essential oil aromatherapy and anxiety measures. Jasmine oil was included among the oils associated with changes in anxiety-scale scores across studies. PubMed Study 3: A randomized clinical study evaluated jasmine aromatherapy in women of reproductive age. Observations included changes in self-reported sexual-function-related scores during the study period. PubMed < Previous herb Back to Herbal Library Next herb >

Jalapeño herbal profile exploring warming qualities and role in herbal preparations Herbal Library / Jalapeño This botanical profile is part of the Star Naturals Herbal Library. Jalapeño Capsicum annuum Historical / Folk Use Jalapeño peppers have long been used in Mexican and Central American culinary traditions as a vibrant, moderately hot chili. The fresh or dried peppers were commonly added to sauces, foods, and infused preparations where they were valued for stimulating circulation and promoting internal warmth. Their fiery nature made them powerful additions to invigorating blends. Energetics Traditionally described as: • Strongly heating • Circulatory-moving • Stimulating and activating • Energizing and sharp • Activating to tissues How Star Naturals uses this botanical Jalapeño appears in our Fire Cider Vitality Tonic where lively heat and vibrant spice are desired. Its bold peppery character complements the warming botanicals in the blend, contributing depth, activation, and a spirited kick to the traditional vinegar-based recipe. Found in these Star Naturals formulations: Fire Cider Vitality Tonic Research & Resources The research summaries below highlight findings from scientific studies on compounds found in this botanical. They are provided for educational purposes and do not represent claims about the effects of Star Naturals products. Study 1: Laboratory‑based chemical analysis identified antioxidant compounds and related antioxidant capacity in jalapeño pepper fruit, including phenolic constituents and nutrients like vitamin C and carotenoid precursors. RSD Journal Study 2: A broad scientific review described capsaicin as a bioactive compound with observed antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory biochemical properties in laboratory and preclinical studies. PubMed Central < Previous herb Back to Herbal Library Next herb >

Hibiscus botanical profile featuring vibrant properties and traditional use in herbal teas Herbal Library / Hibiscus This botanical profile is part of the Star Naturals Herbal Library. Hibiscus Hibiscus sabdariffa Historical / Folk Use Hibiscus has a long history of use across Africa, the Caribbean, Central America, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia, where its vivid crimson calyces were traditionally steeped into teas, syrups, cooling beverages, and infused oils. Herbalists valued its bright, tart flavor and vibrant color as part of daily nourishment and seasonal preparations. Externally, hibiscus was used in hair and scalp applications to support softness and shine, and in skin preparations to help maintain a smooth, refreshed appearance. Energetics Traditionally described as: • Cooling and refreshing • Tart and enlivening • Bright and vibrant • Softly hydrating • Heart-centered support • Gently circulatory-moving • Light and uplifting • Youthful in character • Surface-releasing How Star Naturals uses this botanical Hibiscus appears in both internal and topical formulations where brightness and vitality are desired. In tea blends, it contributes a vibrant color and tart, refreshing character while complementing botanicals traditionally associated with seasonal and daily wellness. In skin and hair preparations, it supports a smooth, balanced appearance and enhances the overall vitality of the blend. Found in these Star Naturals formulations: Cinnamon Hibiscus Tea Love Potion Loose Leaf Tea Cold Season Wellness Tea Organic Hair Serum Research & Resources The research summaries below highlight findings from scientific studies on compounds found in this botanical. They are provided for educational purposes and do not represent claims about the effects of Star Naturals products. Study 1: In a pre-experimental study, prehypertensive adults consumed an aqueous hibiscus flower extract. Following the intervention, participants showed lower blood pressure levels and reductions in total cholesterol compared with their baseline measurements. PubMed Study 2: In adults with metabolic syndrome, daily hibiscus consumption was observed to be associated with lower systolic blood pressure and lower triglyceride levels in a double-blind placebo-controlled setting. De Gruyter Brill Journal Study 3: A randomized controlled human study observed that consuming a hibiscus (Hibiscus sabdariffa) extract beverage with a carbohydrate meal was associated with smaller post-meal increases in blood glucose compared with a control beverage. ScienceDirect Study 4: In laboratory models, hibiscus extracts were associated with modulation of inflammation‑related pathways, reductions in pro‑inflammatory mediators, and influence on signaling pathways related to immune response. PubMed Study 5: Analytical research on the plant’s nutritional composition shows that H. sabdariffa calyces contain measurable amounts of vitamin C under laboratory testing, illustrating the presence of this nutrient in the plant material. Nature Scientific Reports Study 6: A small experimental project suggested that hibiscus tea consumption was associated with changes in menstrual irregularity symptoms in adolescent girls, but these findings require confirmation in larger, controlled human studies. ResearchGate Study 7: Laboratory research including in isolated hair follicles has shown that topical hibiscus leaf extract was associated with increased hair growth indicators, such as hair length and follicle growth phase activity, compared with controls under experimental conditions. PubMed < Previous herb Back to Herbal Library Next herb >

Frankincense essential oil profile featuring grounding aroma and traditional use in herbal rituals Herbal Library / Frankincense This botanical profile is part of the Star Naturals Herbal Library. Frankincense Boswellia serrata Historical / Folk Use Frankincense resin has been used for thousands of years across the Middle East, North Africa, and parts of South Asia. Harvested as a resin from Boswellia trees, it was traditionally used in spiritual, aromatic, and skin preparations. Burned as incense or infused into oils, it was valued for centering the mind, supporting contemplative practices, and maintaining healthy-looking skin. Its rich, resinous aroma has long symbolized grounding and renewal. Energetics Traditionally described as: • Warming and grounding • Restorative, protective, and fortifying • Centering and steadying • Aromatic and expansive • Subtly drying • Elevating to mood • Clarifying to mind How Star Naturals uses this botanical Frankincense essential oil adds depth and balance to our formulations. In topical blends, it encourages a smooth, revitalized feel while supporting overall skin vitality. Aromatically, it offers a clarifying and grounding sensory experience. Found in these Star Naturals formulations: Muscle Nerve Joint Soothing Salve Head Ease Herbal Aromatherapy Roll-On Hippie Vibes Perfume Immune Harmony Aromatherapy Roll-On Face Rejuvenation Organic Herbal Salve Secret Cabin Natural Fragrance Calm Down Love Aromatherapy Roll-On Herbal Face Wash Research & Resources The research summaries below highlight findings from scientific studies on compounds found in this botanical. They are provided for educational purposes and do not represent claims about the effects of Star Naturals products. Study 1: Systematic clinical evidence suggests Boswellia serrata extracts may be associated with less pain, stiffness, and improved joint function in people with osteoarthritis compared with placebo or control, based on multiple randomized trials. PubMed Study 2: Oral Boswellia serrata extract standardized for boswellic acids has been associated with lower pain and stiffness scores and improved physical function in adults with knee osteoarthritis over several months. PubMed Central Study 3: A controlled human study found that a Boswellia‑derived topical cream was associated with reduced sebum excretion and improved skin texture in photoaging, suggesting a potential role in supporting aspects of skin appearance and barrier characteristics. PubMed Study 4: An open‑label clinical observation in a very small group of adults with chronic cluster headaches reported that oral Boswellia serrata extract was associated with reductions in headache intensity and frequency over months; mechanisms may relate to anti‑inflammatory activity of boswellic acids, though the study did not involve essential oil or a larger controlled trial. PubMed Central Study 5: Inhaling frankincense essential oil has been associated with self‑reported feelings of calmness and relaxation, and measurable reductions in stress‑related physiological markers such as systolic blood pressure and pulse rate in human observational settings. NLSC Study 6: Scientific reviews of essential oils support that compounds present in frankincense may contribute to stress attenuation and relaxation, based on a body of aromatherapy research where frankincense was included among other oils. ScienceDirect Study 7: A laboratory study of frankincense oil and smoke found that both the essential oil and combustion products reported antimicrobial activity against bacteria, yeasts, and molds under controlled in vitro conditions. PubMed Central Study 8: Human clinical research on Boswellia extracts (not frankincense essential oil alone) has observed associations with improvements in cognitive performance tests in specific neurological conditions, which is relevant to mental processing but not evidence of “spiritual purification” or mood elevation claims. PubMed Study 9: Traditional aromatherapy and cultural narratives associate frankincense with meditation support, calming scent effects, and enhanced focus or presence, but these associations are not clinical claims and should be described as traditional or cultural practices, not medical outcomes. Spiritual Uses < Previous herb Back to Herbal Library Next herb >

Garlic herbal profile exploring traditional use and role in herbal wellness formulations Herbal Library / Garlic This botanical profile is part of the Star Naturals Herbal Library. Garlic Allium sativum Historical / Folk Use Garlic has been used for centuries in culinary and herbal traditions worldwide. The cloves were commonly prepared as food, decoctions, or vinegar infusions, where their bold flavor and warming character were appreciated. Traditionally associated with vitality and seasonal resilience, garlic became a familiar staple in many household preparations. Energetics Traditionally described as: • Strongly warming • Stimulating and activating • Circulatory-moving • Fortifying and bold • Grounding and sharp • Energizing and cleansing How Star Naturals uses this botanical Garlic appears in our internal tonic formulations where warmth and activation are desired. Its distinctive flavor complements the warming spices and vibrant botanicals in the recipe, contributing depth and lively character to the blend. Found in these Star Naturals formulations: Fire Cider Vitality Tonic Research & Resources The research summaries below highlight findings from scientific studies on compounds found in this botanical. They are provided for educational purposes and do not represent claims about the effects of Star Naturals products. Study 1: A comprehensive meta‑analysis of 20 randomized controlled trials involving 970 adults evaluated the effects of garlic supplements on blood pressure. The analysis observed that garlic intake was associated with modest reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared with placebo, particularly among individuals with hypertension. PubMed Study 2: A meta‑analysis incorporating 108 trials and over 7,000 participants evaluated effects of garlic intake on cardiovascular risk markers. Garlic consumption was observed to be associated with statistically significant reductions in total cholesterol, low‑density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides, and a slight increase in high‑density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. PubMed Study 3: Clinical studies of garlic supplementation reported changes in gut microbial richness and diversity. These changes were observed alongside cardiovascular outcomes, but direct measures of digestive motility or expectorant effects were limited. PubMed < Previous herb Back to Herbal Library Next herb >